Abstract:
In order to detect the hepatotoxic effects of new drugs at an early stage of drug development, the establishment of predictive in vitro models is necessary. PHH are particularly suitable for this purpose because these cells have metabolic properties comparable to the in vivo situation. However, due to various reasons, such as insufficient availability and rapid loss of function in culture, PHH can only be used to a limited extent for testing new drugs. Among others, hepatic cell lines are considered to be a possible alternative with unlimited availability. However, hepatic cell lines such as HepG2 are only partially suitable as an alternative for PHH, as our results have shown. The reason for this outcome is that they differ significantly from PHH in their epigenetic profile as well as metabolic properties. Although the tested epigenetic reactivation with AZA and vitamin C partially led to positive changes in gene expression of the tested cell lines, comparable gene expression and activity of drug-metaboliszing enzymes to PHH could not be achieved. As already described, the use of PHH is also only possible to a limited extent. In order to increase the availability of metabolically competent PHH, we have developed a method that allows the transport of PHH at high concentrations per area from A to B with almost no loss of viability. As our data further showed, the scaffold used for this purpose is suitable as a transport carrier and enables the cultivation of metabolically active PHH over a period of 10 days. The extension of the possible cultivation time also allows the investigation of delayed toxic effects. This potential is important because hepatotoxicity, for example, as in the case of acetaminophen, is a process that often occurs after a delay (Tolosa et al., 2019, Soldatow et al., 2013). In the course of this thesis, we also developed pHEMA-BAA based scaffolds, whose properties make them ideal for the cultivation of liver cells and additionally represent the stiffness of healthy or the fibrotically altered liver. With these scaffolds, it is possible, at least partially, to imitate disease-specific changes in the liver. Besides, a method has been developed that allows cell type-specific quantification for such a model. This method is also suitable for the quantification of more complex models, such as a scaffold-based 3D co-culture with Kupffer and/or hepatic stellate cells, which can better represent the in vitro situation. In the future, a combination of our scaffold model with such a co-culture approach may contribute to better transfer of observations from animal experiments to humans, thus reducing the number of animal experiments while increasing safety for patients.