Abstract:
The aim of the present work was to combine by linking aristocracy and bankruptcy two subject areas which, at least according to popular opinion, are difficult to reconcile: It should be examined how often bankruptcy proceedings against nobles could be found in Württemberg around the year 1800, how nobles went bankrupt, who gave credit to nobles at all, what strategies could be derived to stay 'on top' despite bankruptcy, and what consequences nobles had to expect after a bankruptcy in Württemberg, which had the reputation of being particularly hostile to nobility, since Altwürttemberg had no nobility worth mentioning and Friedrich I attempted to integrate the former immediate nobility of New Württemberg very restrictively into the structures of the young kingdom. The aim was to analyse and evaluate both qualitatively and quantitatively documents of the bankruptcy processes of the mediatised nobility in the Kingdom of Württemberg at the time of upheaval, which had not been systematically investigated until then, in order to reflect the everyday life of the insolvent nobility. It can be stated that these rather unfavourable conditions of the nobility in Württemberg did not result in an increased risk of bankruptcy compared to non-aristocrats, and that aristocrats in bankruptcy could expect a rather favourable course of events even with very high debts. Although the families lost assets (e.g. knight's estates) as a result of competition, precisely because the courts did not include all income and assets in the settlement of debts, they managed to 'stay on top' in the economic sense. Despite the loss of individual assets, the nobility affected were still able to maintain a noble lifestyle due to existing resources, effective networks and a juris-prudence that was obviously not decidedly anti-noble, especially since the loss of social capi-tal was apparently only temporary, since even within a bankruptcy further debts could be taken on. A real threat in the economic sense existed only if the nobles concerned (as shown in the example of Sigismund Graf von Etzdorf) had only one source of income because this could then be seized, whereby even then, by assuring the nobility of their competence, a deductible remained for them which was far above the average income of a commoner or a craftsman. Also in the social dimension, the nobles concerned generally succeeded in repositioning themselves socially in a higher position in administration and politics. The road to bankruptcy (favoured by the unspecific requirements of the Old Württemberg bankruptcy law) could drag on for centuries, whereby the nobles, due to their diverse professional activities in different territories, succeeded in forming networks in which they generated spatially separated debt claims of impressive size by efficiently taking on debts with other nobles, commoners and money lenders.