Abstract:
In the course of the crisis that affected the European Union (EU) and the European Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) since 2009/10 and the crisis management policy, the EU underwent a structural transformation in several respects. This is the case for European institutions such as the European Central Bank; it is also the case for the socio-economic constitution of the member states; and finally for the relationship between the EU member states and EMU. In particular, the relationship between France and the Federal Republic of Germany has always been crucial to the process of European integration since the 1950s. The dissertation examines the structural changes that have been observed in the EU since the beginning of the crisis by means of two guiding questions: Firstly, it asks whether the balance of power between Germany and France has changed during the crisis and whether one can speak of a German leadership role in the EU. Secondly, it analyzes the strategies of Germany and France in crisis management and to what extent these were shaped by the interests, preferences and strategic actions of the different fractions of capital in the two countries.
This dissertation is based on a concept of capital and capitalist development rooted in a critical approach to capitalism theory which it combines with the state-theoretical works of Nicos Poulantzas, the conceptual considerations of the "Konstanz School" on the interdependent development of the French and German model of capitalism, and those of Kees van der Pijl on the formation of fractions of capital into political subjects. With the help of this integrated conceptual approach, the development of Franco-German relations as well as of the German and French models of capitalism is analyzed. This is followed by an analysis of the crisis policies and policy of European integration of the German and French business associations concerning three crucial fields of crisis policy (the policy of the ECB, the policy of the troika in Greece and the reforms of European economic governance). Finally, the strategic positioning of the different fractions of capital in both countries is analyzed on this basis. By addressing the question of fractions of capital as driving forces of the crisis management and integration process not on the transnational level but with a view to the two leading nation states, the work takes a new perspective and attempts to close a research gap. The thesis is, on the one hand, that the crisis policies of the two states under study, as well as those of the EU and EMU, were largely determined by strategies of fractions of capital and that these in turn were strongly influenced by the economic and social structure of the nation state and its mode of integration into the world market. On the other hand, it is argued that the interests of German companies tended to prevail over French ones in crisis management.